Carboxy-lyases

Class of enzymes, carbon–carbon lyases

Carboxy-lyases, also known as decarboxylases, are carbon–carbon lyases that add or remove a carboxyl group from organic compounds. These enzymes catalyze the decarboxylation of amino acids, beta-keto acids and alpha-keto acids.^[1]

Classification and nomenclature

Carboxy-lyases are categorized under EC number 4.1.1.^[2] Usually, they are named after the substrate whose decarboxylation they catalyze, for example pyruvate decarboxylase catalyzes the decarboxylation of pyruvate.

Examples

Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase
Glutamate decarboxylase
Histidine decarboxylase
Ornithine decarboxylase
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase
Pyruvate decarboxylase
RuBisCO – the only carboxylase that leads to a net fixation of carbon dioxide
Uridine monophosphate synthetase
Uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase
enoyl-CoA carboxylases/reductases (ECRs)^[3]

References

^ Iding, H.; Siegert, P.; Mesch, K.; Pohl, M. (1998). "Application of α-keto acid decarboxylases in biotransformations". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology. 1385 (2): 307–322. doi:10.1016/S0167-4838(98)00076-4. PMID 9655924.
^ "E.C.4.1.1.- Carboxy-lyases". www.biochem.ucl.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2006-10-13. Retrieved 2006-11-08.
^ Schwander, Thomas; Schada von Borzyskowski, Lennart; Burgener, Simon; Cortina, Niña Socorro; Erb, Tobias J. (2016). "A synthetic pathway for the fixation of carbon dioxide in vitro". Science. 354 (6314): 900–904. Bibcode:2016Sci...354..900S. doi:10.1126/science.aah5237. PMC 5892708. PMID 27856910.

External links

Carboxy-Lyases at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

Carbon–carbon lyases (EC 4.1)

4.1.1: Carboxy-lyases

4.1.2: Aldehyde-lyases

4.1.3: Oxo-acid-lyases

4.1.99: Other

v t e Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Diffusion-limited enzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme activator
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list) EC7 Translocases (list)